Dies irae

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Il giudizio universale by Michelangelo

Dies Iræ is also called the Sequence of the Requiem mass. This Missal text of the sequence is found, with light verbal variations, in a thirteenth-century manuscript in the Biblioteca. Nazionale at Naples. Father Eusebius Clop, O.F.M., in the Revue du chant Grégorien (November-December, 1907, p. 49) argues a date between 1253-1255 for the manuscript -- a. Franciscan Missal whose calendar does not contain the name of St. Clare, who was canonized in 1255, and whose name would have been inserted if the manuscript were later date. The same writer would assign a still earlier date (1250) to a copy of the Dies Iræ inserted at the end of a so-called Breviary of St. Clare dating about 1228. Its authorship has been most generally ascribed to Tomaso da Celano, the friend, fellow-friar, and biographer of St. Francis. Reasons for this particularity of ascription are given by Keyser and also by Duffield, an ardent champion of the ascription to Tomaso. Ten other names have been suggested by various writers as the probable author of the Dies Iræ:

St. Gregory the Great (d. 604); St. Bernard of Clairvaux (d. 1153); St. Bonaventure (d. 1274); Cardinal Matthew d'Acquasparta (d. 1302); Innocent III (d. 1216);

Thurstan, Archbishop of York (d. 1140); Cardinal Latino Orsini, or Frangipani, a Dominican (d. 1296); Humbert, a general of the Dominicans (d. 1277); Agostino Biella, an Augustinian (d. 1491); Felix Hämmerlein, a priest of Zurich (d. 1457).

Original text and translations

Latin text

Dies irae, dies illa solvet saeclum in favilla, teste David cum Sibylla. Quantus tremor est futurus, quando iudex est venturus, cuncta stricte discussurus? Tuba mirum spargens sonum, per sepulchra regionum, coget omnes ante thronum. Mors stupebit et natura, cum resurget creatura, iudicanti responsura. Liber scriptus proferetur in quo totum continetur, unde mundus iudicetur. Iudex ergo cum sedebit, quidquid latet, apparebit; nil inultum remanebit. Quid sum miser tunc dicturus? Quem patronum rogaturus, cum vix iustus sit securus? Rex tremendae maiestatis, qui salvandos salvas gratis, salva me, fons pietatis. Recordare, Iesu pie, quod sum causa tuae viae: ne me perdas illa die.

Quaerens me, sedisti lassus: redemisti crucem passus: tantus labor non sit cassus. Iuste Iudex ultionis, donum fac remissionis ante diem rationis. Ingemisco tamquam reus: culpa rubet vultus meus: supplicanti parce, Deus. Qui Mariam absolvisti, et latronem exaudisti, mihi quoque spem dedisti. Preces meae non sunt dignae: sed tu bonus fac benigne, ne perenni cremer igne. Inter oves locum praesta, et ab haedis me sequestra, statuens in parte dextra. Confutatis maledictis, flammis acribus addictis: voca me cum benedictis. Oro supplex et acclinis cor contritum quasi cinis, gere curam mei finis. Lacrymosa dies illa qua resurget ex favilla iudicantus homo reus. Huic ergo parce, Deus: Pie Iesu Domine, dona eis requiem. Amen.

English translation

A day of wrath; that day, it will dissolve the world into glowing ashes, as attested by David together with the Sibyl. What trembling will there be, when the Judge shall come to examine everything in strict justice. The trumpet's wondrous call sounding abroad in tombs throughout the world shall drive everybody forward to the throne. Death and nature shall stand amazed when creation rises again to give answer to its Judge. A written book will be brought forth in which everything is contained from which the world shall be judged. So when the Judge is seated, whatever is hidden will be made known: nothing shall go unpunished. What shall I, wretch, say at that time? What advocate shall I entreat (to plead for me) when scarcely the righteous shall be safe from damnation? King of awesome majesty, who to grants salvation to those that are to be saved, save me, o fount of Piety. Remember, dear Jesus, that I am the reason for Thy journey (into this world): do not cast me away on that day.

Seeking me, Thou didst sit down weary, Thou didst redeem me, suffering the death on the Cross: let not such toil have been in vain. Just Judge of vengeance, grant me the gift of pardon before the day of reckoning. I groan like one condemned: my face blushes for my sins: spare a supplicant, o God. Thou who didst absolve Mary (Magdalen), and heard the robber, hast given me hope as well. My prayers are not worthy: but Thou, of Thy goodness, deal generously (with me), that I burn not in the everlasting flame. Give me a place among the sheep, and separate me from the goats, setting me on Thy right hand. When the accursed have been confounded and sentenced to acrid flames, call me along with the blessed. I prostrate myself, supplicating, my heart in ashes, repentant; take good care of my last moment! That day will be one of weeping on which shall rise again from the embers the guilty man, to be judged. Therefore spare him, O God. Merciful Lord Jesus, grant them rest. Amen.

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